隨著醫(yī)用射線項(xiàng)目的增多，射線防護(hù)成為一個(gè)緊迫的問(wèn)題。射線防護(hù)器材公司研發(fā)出各種防護(hù)設(shè)備，給出了許多防護(hù)建議，射線防護(hù)有了科學(xué)的指導(dǎo)。
With the increase of medical radiation projects, radiation protection has become an urgent problem. Radiation Protection Equipment Company has developed various protective equipment, and has given many protective suggestions. Radiation protection has professional and scientific guidance.
科學(xué)家們總結(jié)出了射線防護(hù)的三大原則：放射實(shí)踐的正當(dāng)化、優(yōu)化、個(gè)人劑量限制。簡(jiǎn)而言之，正當(dāng)化原則要求射線對(duì)人產(chǎn)生的危害小于從射線檢查中獲得了利益，優(yōu)化是指通過(guò)改進(jìn)設(shè)備、實(shí)施射線防護(hù)工程等，把射線量降到低，個(gè)人劑量限制是規(guī)定了輻射量的大值。
Scientists have summed up three principles of radiation protection: the legitimacy, optimization and individual dose limitation of radiation practice. In short, the principle of justification requires that the harm caused by radiation to human beings is less than the benefit obtained from radiological examination. Optimization means to minimize the amount of radiation by improving equipment and implementing radiological protection projects. The maximum amount of radiation is defined by the limit of individual dose.
1.射線實(shí)踐的正當(dāng)化
1. The Legitimization of Radiation Practice
不論是做拍X光片，還是做CT、CR檢查，要保證檢查是必要的，且能夠起到相應(yīng)的醫(yī)療作用，這樣一來(lái)，雖然人會(huì)受到輻射，但也獲得了明確的醫(yī)療結(jié)果，即效益明顯大于付出的全部代價(jià)時(shí)，這時(shí)所進(jìn)行的射線檢查工作就是正當(dāng)?shù)?，是值得進(jìn)行的。
Whether doing X-ray or CT or CR examination, first of all, we should ensure that the examination is necessary and can play a corresponding medical role. In this way, although people will be exposed to radiation, but also obtained a clear medical result, that is, when the benefit is obviously greater than the total cost paid, the X-ray examination work is justified and worthwhile.
2.射線防護(hù)的優(yōu)化
2. Optimizing Radiation Protection
使放射性和照射量在可以合理達(dá)到的盡可能低的水平，避免一些不必要的照射?？茖W(xué)家們一直努力改進(jìn)射線檢查設(shè)備，希望可以用小的輻射量來(lái)獲得優(yōu)的檢查效果。比如，X光機(jī)須安裝線管，盡量減少X光的輻射范圍，減少不必要的照射。
Radioactivity and irradiation can be reasonably achieved at the lowest possible level to avoid some unnecessary irradiation. Scientists have been trying to improve the radiographic equipment in the hope that the minimum amount of radiation can be used to obtain the best results. For example, X-ray machines need to install pipes to minimize the radiation range of X-rays and reduce unnecessary exposure.
射線防護(hù)工程公司提供鉛板、鉛防護(hù)門、鉛衣等，把患者、醫(yī)生和射線隔離開(kāi)來(lái)。鉛是一種優(yōu)良的防輻射材料，密度大，可以有效吸收和散射射線，患者穿上鉛衣，醫(yī)護(hù)人員在鉛板圍護(hù)的房間內(nèi)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了輻射量小化。
Radiation Protection Engineering Company provides lead plates, lead doors, lead coats, etc. to isolate patients, doctors and radiation. Lead is an excellent radiation-proof material with high density, which can effectively absorb and scatter radiation. Patients wear lead coats. Medical staff in lead-enclosed rooms achieve the minimum radiation.
3.個(gè)人劑量限制
3. Personal dose limitation
在放射實(shí)踐中，不產(chǎn)生過(guò)高的個(gè)體照射量，保證任何人的危險(xiǎn)度不超過(guò)某一數(shù)值，即必須保證個(gè)人所受的放射性劑量不超過(guò)規(guī)定的相應(yīng)限值。ICRP規(guī)定工作人員全身均勻照射的年劑量當(dāng)量限制為50mSv，廣大居民的年劑量當(dāng)量限值為1mSv(0.1rem)。個(gè)人劑量限制是強(qiáng)制性的，必須嚴(yán)格遵守。
In the practice of radiation, no excessive individual exposure is produced to ensure that any person's risk does not exceed a certain value, that is to say, the individual's radiation dose must not exceed the prescribed corresponding limit. ICRP stipulates that the annual dose equivalent limit of uniform whole body irradiation is 50 mSv for staff and 1 mSv (0.1 rem) for residents. The individual dose limit is mandatory and must be strictly observed.
做好射線防護(hù)工作，離不開(kāi)檢查設(shè)備的改進(jìn)，離不開(kāi)射線實(shí)踐的規(guī)范，也離不開(kāi)醫(yī)用射線防護(hù)工程。
To do a good job of radiation protection, it is necessary to improve the inspection equipment, to standardize the practice of radiation, and to do a good job of medical radiation protection.
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