X線穿透人體將產(chǎn)生一定的生物效應。若接觸的X線量過多，超越允許曝射量，就可能產(chǎn)生放射反響，以產(chǎn)生一定水平的放射損傷。但是，如X線曝射量在允許范圍內(nèi)，普通影響極小。人們不用由于輻射而回絕必要的X光和CT檢查，更不用為此連醫(yī)院的放射科的區(qū)域都不敢進。
X-ray penetration through the human body will produce certain biological effects. If the X-ray exposure is excessive and exceeds the allowable exposure, the radiation response may occur and a certain level of radiation damage may occur. However, if the X-ray exposure is within the allowable range, the general effect is minimal. People don't have to reject the necessary X-ray and CT examinations because of radiation, let alone dare not enter the radiation section of the hospital.
能夠采取屏蔽防護和間隔防護準繩。屏蔽防護是指運用原子序數(shù)較高的物質(zhì)，常用鉛或含鉛的物質(zhì)，作為屏障以吸收不用要的x線。間隔防護是指應用x線曝射量與間隔平方成反比這一原理，經(jīng)過增加x線源與人體間間隔以減少曝射量。
It can adopt shielding protection and interval protection criteria. Shielding protection refers to the use of substances with high atomic number, commonly lead or lead-containing substances, as a barrier to absorb unnecessary x-rays. Interval protection refers to the application of the principle that the amount of X-ray exposure is inversely proportional to the square of the interval to reduce the amount of exposure by increasing the interval between the X-ray source and the human body.
從x線管抵達人體的x線，有原發(fā)射線和繼發(fā)射線兩類，繼發(fā)射線是原發(fā)射線映照穿透其他物質(zhì)過程中發(fā)作的，其能量較原發(fā)射線小，便影響較大。通常采用x線管殼、遮光筒和光圈、濾過板、熒屏后鉛玻璃、鉛屏、鉛橡皮圍裙、鉛手套以及墻壁等，停止屏蔽防護。增加人體與x線源的間隔以停止間隔防護，是簡易的防護措施。
There are two kinds of X-rays from the X-ray tube to the human body: the primary ray and the secondary ray. The secondary ray is produced in the process of the primary ray mapping penetrating other substances, and its energy is smaller than the primary ray, so its influence is greater. Usually, X-ray tube shell, light shield and aperture, filter board, lead glass behind screen, lead screen, lead rubber apron, lead gloves and walls are used to stop shielding and protection. Increasing the interval between human body and X-ray source to stop interval protection is a simple protection measure.
1、X線機的固有防護：X線機的固有平安防護性能是X線防護的重要環(huán)節(jié)。球管管套、遮光器應不漏射線，窗口裝有鋁濾過板，有用線束進入患者皮膚處的空氣映照量率應小于6R/min。特別是用床上球管透視時，X線球管及其附件如有輻射線走漏，工作人員及患者將遭到直接輻射。
1. The inherent protection of X-ray machine: The inherent safety protection performance of X-ray machine is the most important link of X-ray protection. The tube sleeve and shader should not leak rays. The window should be equipped with an aluminium filter plate. The air reflection rate of the useful wire harness entering the skin of the patient should be less than 6R/min. Especially when the X-ray tube and its accessories are fluoroscopy in bed, workers and patients will be exposed to direct radiation if radiation leakage occurs.
2、時間防護：盡量縮短X線的輻射時間。在介動手術前要擬訂嚴厲的操作程序，理解患者的有關材料，盡量減少不用要的曝光。術中操作的累計曝光時間不應超越30min，優(yōu)化佳投照條件，防止反復映照。
2. Time protection: shorten the radiation time of X-ray as far as possible. Before the operation, strict procedures should be drawn up to understand the patient's relevant materials and minimize unnecessary exposure. The cumulative exposure time during operation should not exceed 30 minutes. Optimum projection conditions should be optimized to prevent repeated exposure.
3、間隔防護：應用增加術者與輻射源（即球管焦點）和散射體（即受檢查）的間隔，減少術者所受輻射劑量，間隔每增加1倍，輻射劑量減少3/4，透視曝光時除術者及主要助手，其別人員應遠離，避開X線輻射源。
3. Interval protection: To increase the interval between the operator and the radiation source (i.e. the focus of the spherical tube) and the scatterer (i.e. being examined) and to reduce the radiation dose to the operator, the radiation dose will be reduced by 3/4 for every doubling of the interval. During fluoroscopy exposure, the operator and the main assistant should stay away from the X-ray radiation source.
4、屏蔽防護：在射線源與工作人員之間設置屏蔽，減少或消弭射線的輻射，假如屏蔽、鉛衣、鉛圍裙、鉛帽、鉛眼鏡、鉛手套等。
4. Shielding protection: shielding between radiation source and staff to reduce or eliminate radiation, if shielding, lead jacket, lead apron, lead cap, lead glasses, lead gloves, etc.
Thank you for reading and watching. The wonderful content of this article comes from: radiation protection equipment, we will have more wonderful content to continue to show you. For more details, please click: http://m.tiaoi.com.cn. Thank you for your support!
18678809986
