The so-called coal-fired steam boiler startup essentially refers to the start-up of the whole boiler unit, and the so-called coal-fired steam boiler startup essentially refers to the start-up of the whole boiler unit. Even if the steam boiler changes from static state to on load operation, that is, the process from ignition of steam boiler to rated load (unit unit) or integration into steam main pipe (main pipe unit).

實(shí)質(zhì)上是一種變動(dòng)工況的運(yùn)行。啟動(dòng)過(guò)程中，    燃煤蒸汽鍋爐機(jī)組的啟動(dòng)過(guò)程。燃燒逐漸加強(qiáng)，爐膛溫度逐漸提高，局部爐水汽化，水循環(huán)逐漸建立，蒸汽發(fā)生，汽壓逐步升高，設(shè)備各部件逐漸過(guò)渡到正常運(yùn)行狀態(tài)。啟動(dòng)過(guò)程中，要求各種設(shè)備能得到正確的維護(hù)，并使各部件在受熱后不于發(fā)生導(dǎo)致破壞性的熱應(yīng)力，以及在允許的條件下，縮短啟動(dòng)時(shí)間，降低工質(zhì)熱量損失。

In essence, it is a kind of operation under variable working conditions. During the start-up process, the start-up process of coal-fired steam boiler unit. The combustion is gradually strengthened, the furnace temperature is gradually increased, local boiler water is vaporized, water circulation is gradually established, steam is generated, steam pressure is gradually increased, and all parts of the equipment gradually transition to normal operation state. During the start-up process, it is required that all kinds of equipment can be properly maintained, and that the components will not be subject to destructive thermal stress after being heated, and that the startup time can be shortened and the heat loss of working medium can be reduced under allowable conditions.

通常分為冷態(tài)啟動(dòng)和熱態(tài)啟動(dòng)。熱態(tài)啟動(dòng)又包括溫態(tài)（停運(yùn)時(shí)間＞24h＜48h熱態(tài)（停運(yùn)時(shí)間＞8h＜24h和極熱態(tài)（停運(yùn)時(shí)間＞2h＜8h三種啟動(dòng)方式。所謂冷態(tài)啟動(dòng)，    根據(jù)蒸汽鍋爐啟動(dòng)前所處的狀態(tài)不同。就是鍋爐處于室溫狀態(tài)下的啟動(dòng)。例如檢修后蒸汽鍋爐的啟動(dòng)，或是停爐備用時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)，汽壓已降到零狀態(tài)的啟動(dòng)。熱態(tài)啟動(dòng)，就是指短時(shí)間停爐備用的鍋爐，由于停爐時(shí)間不長(zhǎng)，鍋爐還有一定的汽壓，爐內(nèi)還蓄有大量熱量狀態(tài)的鍋爐啟動(dòng)。冷態(tài)啟動(dòng)和熱態(tài)啟動(dòng)的內(nèi)容、方法基本上是相同的只不過(guò)熱態(tài)啟動(dòng)是冷態(tài)啟動(dòng)已經(jīng)運(yùn)行了若干過(guò)程基礎(chǔ)上的啟動(dòng)。因此，熟悉了冷態(tài)啟動(dòng)的過(guò)程，自然就掌握了熱態(tài)啟動(dòng)。

It is usually divided into cold start-up and hot start-up. Hot start includes three startup modes: warm state (shutdown time > 24h < 48h), hot state (shutdown time > 8h < 24h) and extremely hot state (shutdown time > 2H < 8h). The so-called cold start-up is different according to the state of steam boiler before start-up. It is the start-up of the boiler at room temperature. For example, start-up of steam boiler after maintenance, or start-up of boiler shutdown for a long time and steam pressure has dropped to zero. Hot start-up refers to the boiler which is shut down for a short time for standby. Due to the short shutdown time, the boiler still has a certain steam pressure and a large amount of heat is stored in the boiler. The contents and methods of cold start-up and hot start-up are basically the same, but the hot start-up is based on the cold start-up which has run several processes. Therefore, familiar with the cold start-up process, naturally master the hot start-up.

蒸汽鍋爐的啟動(dòng)方式也不同。機(jī)、爐之間的連接系統(tǒng)大致可分為單元制系統(tǒng)和母管制系統(tǒng)。    燃煤蒸汽鍋爐與汽輪機(jī)之間的蒸汽管道連接方法不同。

The starting mode of steam boiler is also different. The connection system between turbine and furnace can be roughly divided into unit system and main pipe system. The connection method of steam pipe between coal-fired steam boiler and steam turbine is different.

鍋爐機(jī)組啟動(dòng)方式又可分為額定參數(shù)啟動(dòng)和滑參數(shù)啟動(dòng)。    按汽輪機(jī)沖轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)的蒸汽參數(shù)狀態(tài)來(lái)區(qū)分。

The start-up mode of boiler unit can be divided into rated parameter start-up and sliding parameter start-up. It is distinguished according to the steam parameter state of steam turbine during impulse starting.

燃煤蒸汽鍋爐啟動(dòng)，    額定參數(shù)啟動(dòng)時(shí)。當(dāng)蒸汽參數(shù)升額定值時(shí)，再?zèng)_轉(zhuǎn)汽輪機(jī)，汽輪機(jī)從沖轉(zhuǎn)帶額定負(fù)荷期間，主蒸汽閥門前的蒸汽參數(shù)始終堅(jiān)持為額定值。這種啟動(dòng)方式的運(yùn)行靈活性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性均較差，僅在母管制的小型機(jī)組上應(yīng)用，單元制運(yùn)行的大型機(jī)組已不再采用這種啟動(dòng)方式。

When the coal-fired steam boiler is started first, when the rated parameters are started. When the steam parameters rise to the rated value, the steam parameters in front of the main steam valve are always maintained at the rated value during the period when the steam parameters change from impulse to rated load. The operation flexibility and economy of this start-up mode are poor. It is only applied to the small-sized units of the main control system, but it is no longer used in the large-scale units operated by the unit system.

又稱為聯(lián)合啟動(dòng)。鍋爐點(diǎn)火，    單元制機(jī)組通常采用滑參數(shù)啟動(dòng)。蒸汽升壓、升溫的過(guò)程中，利用低溫、低壓蒸汽進(jìn)行蒸汽管道的暖管，當(dāng)達(dá)到一定參數(shù)后汽輪機(jī)進(jìn)行沖轉(zhuǎn)及并網(wǎng)，并隨著汽溫、汽壓的升高逐漸提高汽輪機(jī)的負(fù)荷。整個(gè)啟動(dòng)的過(guò)程中，主蒸汽閥門前的蒸汽參數(shù)隨機(jī)組負(fù)荷的升高而升高。

Also known as joint start-up. When the boiler is ignited, the unit unit is usually started with sliding parameters. In the process of steam pressure rise and temperature rise, low-temperature and low-pressure steam is used to warm up the steam pipe. When certain parameters are reached, the steam turbine will be run and connected to the grid. With the increase of steam temperature and pressure, the load of steam turbine will be gradually increased. During the whole start-up process, the steam parameters in front of the main steam valve increase with the increase of load.

蒸汽管道的暖管、汽輪機(jī)的啟動(dòng)與鍋爐的升壓同時(shí)進(jìn)行，    滑參數(shù)啟動(dòng)有以下的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：?jiǎn)?dòng)過(guò)程中。從而使整臺(tái)機(jī)組的啟動(dòng)時(shí)間縮短，增加了運(yùn)行調(diào)度的靈活性；整臺(tái)機(jī)組的加熱過(guò)程是從較低的溫度和壓力開(kāi)始的金屬受熱膨脹比較均勻并使受熱面得到良好的冷卻，由于開(kāi)始進(jìn)入汽輪機(jī)的蒸汽壓力和溫度均較低，蒸汽的容積流量較大，容易充溢汽輪機(jī)，而且流速也較大，汽輪機(jī)的各部分均勻而迅速的升溫，不致于產(chǎn)生過(guò)大的熱應(yīng)力；啟動(dòng)過(guò)程經(jīng)濟(jì)性提高，特別是設(shè)置旁路系統(tǒng)的機(jī)組，啟動(dòng)過(guò)程中可回收工質(zhì)及利用工質(zhì)的熱量，工質(zhì)損失和燃料消耗減少，機(jī)組在啟動(dòng)過(guò)程中即可以發(fā)電。

Steam pipe warming, steam turbine start-up and boiler pressure rise are carried out at the same time. As a result, the start-up time of the whole unit is shortened, and the flexibility of operation scheduling is increased. The heating process of the whole unit starts from the lower temperature and pressure, and the metal expands evenly and the heating surface is well cooled. Since the steam pressure and temperature entering the steam turbine are low, the volume flow of steam is large, and it is easy to overflow the steam turbine The unit with bypass system can recover the heat of working medium and make use of it, reduce the loss of working medium and fuel consumption, and the unit can generate electricity during the start-up process.

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