1、 To optimize the open type radiation work and achieve the same application purpose, toxic radiation should be selected

性核素，并將使用量(放射性活度)控制在需要量的值。這樣即可裝將該核素造成內(nèi)照射的危害降可以合理達(dá)到的程度。

Sex nuclide, and the amount of use (radioactivity) is controlled at the value of the required amount. In this way, the damage caused by internal irradiation can be reduced to a reasonable level.

例如.在醫(yī)療工作中,應(yīng)用放射性碘診斷甲狀腺疾病，可以認(rèn)為131I、125I123I具有相同的作用,，但三者使甲狀腺接受的劑量卻相差很大。如均用7.4X104Bq(2μCi)對(duì)患者進(jìn)行診斷時(shí)。由于1231的半衰期短(13h).γ射線能量單一且較低(0.159MeV),屬于低毒型放射性核素.不僅使γ照相機(jī)的影像較清晰，診斷陽(yáng)性率高，而且它給予甲狀腺的劑量?jī)H相當(dāng)于1311的1%左右。因此，現(xiàn)在提倡診斷甲狀腺疾病用1231代替‘1251和’1311.

For example, in the medical work, 131I and 125i123i have the same role in the diagnosis of thyroid diseases, but the doses they receive are quite different. If all patients were diagnosed with 7.4x104bq (2 μ CI). Because the half-life of 1231 is short (13h), and the energy of γ - ray is single and low (0.159mev), it belongs to low toxic radionuclide. It not only makes the image of γ camera clear, but also has a high positive rate of diagnosis. Moreover, the dose it gives to thyroid is only about 1% of 1311. Therefore, 1231 instead of 1251 and 1311 is now advocated for the diagnosis of thyroid diseases

二、內(nèi)外照射防護(hù)兼顧

2、 Both internal and external radiation protection

有些開(kāi)放型放射性工作場(chǎng)所，使用的放射性核素是混合輻射體，既放出高LET（傳能線密度）α或β粒子，又放出低的LETγ射線，因此，即要防止內(nèi)照射，以要防護(hù)外照射。例如醫(yī)學(xué)上操作131I，在利用時(shí)間、距離、屏蔽防護(hù)外照射的同時(shí)，還要利用通風(fēng)柜等設(shè)施進(jìn)行操作，防止131I的污染，并坱具備處理廢水、廢物的設(shè)施工，如廢水衰變池和廢物儲(chǔ)存箱等。

In some open radioactive workplaces, the radionuclides used are mixed radiators, which not only emit high let (energy transmission linear density) α or β particles, but also emit low let γ rays. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent internal radiation and protect external radiation. For example, when operating 131I in medicine, when using time, distance and shielding to protect external radiation, we should also use ventilation cabinet and other facilities to operate to prevent 131I pollution, and have the facilities and construction of wastewater and waste treatment, such as wastewater decay pool and waste storage tank.

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