在近幾年的發(fā)展過(guò)程中，部分地區(qū)在鍋爐使用方面，實(shí)現(xiàn)了由燃煤鍋爐向燃?xì)忮仩t的過(guò)度，很多城市的工業(yè)鍋爐或采暖鍋爐等，都已經(jīng)換成了相對(duì)的燃?xì)忮仩t。在政策層面，也大力支持鍋爐的“煤改氣”?？梢哉f(shuō)，基于燃?xì)忮仩t在、、降耗方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)，其在推廣使用過(guò)程中，得到了廣泛的認(rèn)可。從體積上看，燃?xì)忮仩t要比燃煤鍋爐小很多，并且是鍋爐工作過(guò)程中，可以更加的使用自動(dòng)化控制。從現(xiàn)實(shí)的情況來(lái)看，燃?xì)忮仩t的應(yīng)用范圍比較廣，其市場(chǎng)前景不錯(cuò)。燃?xì)忮仩t的控制系統(tǒng)也在隨著技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，逐漸變得更加自動(dòng)化和智能化。
In recent years, some areas have realized the transition from coal-fired boilers to gas-fired boilers in the use of boilers. Industrial boilers or heating boilers in many cities have been replaced by gas-fired boilers with relatively energy-saving and environmental protection. At the national policy level, we also strongly support the "coal-to-gas" transformation of boilers. It can be said that, based on the advantages of gas boiler in environmental protection, energy saving and consumption reduction, it has been widely recognized in the process of popularization and use. In terms of volume, gas-fired boilers are much smaller than coal-fired boilers, and they can be used more efficiently in the process of boiler operation. In reality, gas-fired boilers have a wide range of applications and good market prospects. With the development of technology, the control system of gas-fired boiler is becoming more automatic and intelligent.
燃?xì)忮仩t運(yùn)行控制要點(diǎn)
Key Points of Energy-saving Operation Control for Gas-fired Boilers
1.對(duì)空氣進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確科學(xué)的控制
1. Accurate and scientific control of air
空氣系數(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀態(tài)下，1立方米氣體燃料，按燃燒反應(yīng)計(jì)量方程式完全燃燒所需要的空氣量（指干空氣），稱之為氣體燃料的理論空氣量，用v0表示。在實(shí)際工作過(guò)程中，可以根據(jù)氣體燃料的成分計(jì)算出來(lái)，送進(jìn)鍋爐的空氣量v稱為實(shí)際空氣量，用v表示，該數(shù)值從實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)看，要比理論空氣量要大，這其中，比理論空氣量多出的那一部分空氣，就是過(guò)量空氣。從而可以知道，實(shí)際上實(shí)際空氣量就是理論空氣量與過(guò)量空氣量的總和。實(shí)際空氣量與理論空氣量的比值稱為過(guò)量空氣系數(shù)，使用α表示，即α=v/v0。從技術(shù)控制角度來(lái)看，過(guò)量空氣系數(shù)α，對(duì)于燃?xì)忮仩t的燃燒效率和運(yùn)行實(shí)際運(yùn)行狀況，有著非常重要的影響。具體來(lái)說(shuō)，如果α值偏小，燃?xì)忮仩t內(nèi)的天然氣就不能夠進(jìn)行充分的燃燒，導(dǎo)致一部分天然氣的浪費(fèi)。
Under the standard state of air coefficient, the theoretical air volume of 1 cubic meter gas fuel, which is called the theoretical air volume of gas fuel, is expressed in v0. In the actual working process, according to the composition of gas fuel, we can calculate the air quantity V into the boiler, which is called the actual air quantity. The value expressed by V is larger than the theoretical air quantity from the practical experience. Among them, the part of air which is more than the theoretical air quantity is the excess air. So we can know that the actual air volume is the sum of theoretical air volume and excess air volume. The ratio of actual air volume to theoretical air volume is called excess air coefficient, which is expressed by alpha, i.e. alpha=v/v0. From the point of view of technical control, excess air coefficient alpha has a very important influence on combustion efficiency and actual operation of gas-fired boilers. Specifically, if the value of alpha is too small, the natural gas in the gas-fired boiler can not be fully burned, resulting in a part of the waste of natural gas.
2.合理控制燃?xì)忮仩t的出水溫度
2. Reasonable control of outlet water temperature of gas-fired boilers
在燃?xì)忮仩t的實(shí)際工作運(yùn)行過(guò)程中，供熱情況會(huì)不斷發(fā)生變化，遇到天氣的變化，鍋爐供熱地帶的熱量總需求就會(huì)跟著發(fā)生變化。在之中，白天和晚上的熱量需求情況也是有差異的，這就需要燃?xì)忮仩t在要時(shí)刻根據(jù)總熱量需求的變化，對(duì)燃?xì)夂涂諝獾妮斔土窟M(jìn)行科學(xué)合理的調(diào)節(jié)，以保證鍋爐的運(yùn)行效率，既能保證必要的熱量需求供應(yīng)，又不
During the actual operation of gas-fired boilers, the heating situation will change constantly. When the weather changes, the total heat demand in the heating zone of the boilers will change accordingly. In a day, the heat demand of day and night is also different, which requires gas-fired boilers to adjust the gas and air conveyance scientifically and reasonably according to the change of total heat demand at all times in order to ensure the operation efficiency of the boilers, not only to ensure the necessary heat demand supply, but also not to.
浪費(fèi)燃?xì)赓Y源?，F(xiàn)階段使用帶電子比例調(diào)節(jié)的低氮燃燒器比較多，對(duì)于這種燃燒器主要是通過(guò)單回路PID對(duì)出水溫度進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)控制，在此基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)出水溫度的設(shè)定值與實(shí)際出水溫度檢測(cè)值的差值，對(duì)調(diào)節(jié)燃料閥進(jìn)行調(diào)整，使其逐漸達(dá)到合理的狀態(tài)。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，如果為了讓燃燒效果達(dá)到好，還可以直接提升煙氣含氧量，從而保證空氣中的氧氣充足。
Waste gas resources. At present, there are many low nitrogen burners with electronic proportional control. For this kind of burner, the outlet water temperature is mainly controlled by single-loop PID. On this basis, according to the difference between the set value of outlet water temperature and the measured value of actual outlet water temperature, the fuel valve is adjusted to make it more reasonable gradually. The state of being. In this process, in order to achieve the best combustion effect, the oxygen content of flue gas can also be directly increased, thus ensuring sufficient oxygen in the air.
3.合理控制煙氣含氧量
3. Reasonable control of oxygen content in flue gas
從實(shí)際的情況來(lái)看，在鍋爐燃燒時(shí)，對(duì)煙氣的含氧量進(jìn)行合理控制，也可以在一定程度上降低燃料的浪費(fèi)。是技術(shù)方面，在燃燒控制系統(tǒng)中加入一個(gè)控制回路，這個(gè)控制回路的主要功能是對(duì)燃燒流量與空氣流量的變比值進(jìn)行控制，這種控制系統(tǒng)，也稱煙氣氧含量的閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)。通過(guò)使用這一控制系統(tǒng)，使得鍋爐在整個(gè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中保證經(jīng)濟(jì)的燃燒。從現(xiàn)階段的實(shí)際情況來(lái)看，比較常用的是煙氣中的含氧量。因此，可以說(shuō)，在鍋爐燃燒過(guò)程中，通過(guò)加入控制回路，進(jìn)一步提高對(duì)煙氣含氧量的合理控制，這種方法技術(shù)比較簡(jiǎn)單，并且具備一定的經(jīng)濟(jì)性。煙氣含氧量的控制，要結(jié)合燃起鍋爐的實(shí)際運(yùn)行狀態(tài)，在不同的作業(yè)情況下，要合理調(diào)整煙氣含氧量的比值，盡可能做到既滿足鍋爐燃燒的需要，同時(shí)有降低能耗。
From the actual situation, when the boiler burns, reasonable control of oxygen content in flue gas can also reduce the waste of fuel to a certain extent. In technology, a control loop is added to the combustion control system. The main function of this control loop is to control the variable ratio of combustion flow and air flow. This control system is also called closed-loop control system of oxygen content in flue gas. By using this control system, the boiler can ensure the most economical combustion in the whole production process. From the actual situation at this stage, the more commonly used is the oxygen content in flue gas. Therefore, it can be said that in the process of boiler combustion, the reasonable control of oxygen content in flue gas can be further improved by adding control loops. This method is relatively simple and economical. The control of oxygen content in flue gas should be combined with the actual operation status of the ignited boiler. Under different operating conditions, the ratio of oxygen content in flue gas should be adjusted reasonably so as to meet the needs of boiler combustion and reduce energy consumption as far as possible.
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