The so-called coal-fired steam boiler startup essentially refers to the start-up of the whole boiler unit, and the so-called coal-fired steam boiler startup essentially refers to the start-up of the whole boiler unit. Even if the steam boiler changes from static state to on load operation, that is, the process from ignition of steam boiler to rated load (unit unit) or integration into steam main pipe (main pipe unit).

實質(zhì)上是一種變動工況的運行。啟動過程中，    燃煤蒸汽鍋爐機組的啟動過程。燃燒逐漸加強，爐膛溫度逐漸提高，局部爐水汽化，水循環(huán)逐漸建立，蒸汽發(fā)生，汽壓逐步升高，設(shè)備各部件逐漸過渡到正常運行狀態(tài)。啟動過程中，要求各種設(shè)備能得到正確的維護(hù)，并使各部件在受熱后不至于發(fā)生導(dǎo)致破壞性的熱應(yīng)力，以及在允許的條件下，縮短啟動時間，降低工質(zhì)熱量損失。

In essence, it is a kind of operation under variable working conditions. During the start-up process, the start-up process of coal-fired steam boiler unit. The combustion is gradually strengthened, the furnace temperature is gradually increased, local boiler water is vaporized, water circulation is gradually established, steam is generated, steam pressure is gradually increased, and all parts of the equipment gradually transition to normal operation state. During the start-up process, it is required that all kinds of equipment can be properly maintained, and that the components will not be subject to destructive thermal stress after being heated, and that the startup time can be shortened and the heat loss of working medium can be reduced under allowable conditions.

通常分為冷態(tài)啟動和熱態(tài)啟動。熱態(tài)啟動又包括溫態(tài)（停運時間＞24h＜48h熱態(tài)（停運時間＞8h＜24h和極熱態(tài)（停運時間＞2h＜8h三種啟動方式。所謂冷態(tài)啟動，    根據(jù)蒸汽鍋爐啟動前所處的狀態(tài)不同。就是鍋爐處于室溫狀態(tài)下的啟動。例如檢修后蒸汽鍋爐的啟動，或是停爐備用時間較長，汽壓已降到零狀態(tài)的啟動。熱態(tài)啟動，就是指短時間停爐備用的鍋爐，由于停爐時間不長，鍋爐還有一定的汽壓，爐內(nèi)還蓄有大量熱量狀態(tài)的鍋爐啟動。冷態(tài)啟動和熱態(tài)啟動的內(nèi)容、方法基本上是相同的只不過熱態(tài)啟動是冷態(tài)啟動已經(jīng)運行了若干過程基礎(chǔ)上的啟動。因此，熟悉了冷態(tài)啟動的過程，自然就掌握了熱態(tài)啟動。

It is usually divided into cold start-up and hot start-up. Hot start includes three startup modes: warm state (shutdown time > 24h < 48h), hot state (shutdown time > 8h < 24h) and extremely hot state (shutdown time > 2H < 8h). The so-called cold start-up is different according to the state of steam boiler before start-up. It is the start-up of the boiler at room temperature. For example, start-up of steam boiler after maintenance, or start-up of boiler shutdown for a long time and steam pressure has dropped to zero. Hot start-up refers to the boiler which is shut down for a short time for standby. Due to the short shutdown time, the boiler still has a certain steam pressure and a large amount of heat is stored in the boiler. The contents and methods of cold start-up and hot start-up are basically the same, but the hot start-up is based on the cold start-up which has run several processes. Therefore, familiar with the cold start-up process, naturally master the hot start-up.

蒸汽鍋爐的啟動方式也不同。機、爐之間的連接系統(tǒng)大致可分為單元制系統(tǒng)和母管制系統(tǒng)。    燃煤蒸汽鍋爐與汽輪機之間的蒸汽管道連接方法不同。

The starting mode of steam boiler is also different. The connection system between turbine and furnace can be roughly divided into unit system and main pipe system. The connection method of steam pipe between coal-fired steam boiler and steam turbine is different.

鍋爐機組啟動方式又可分為額定參數(shù)啟動和滑參數(shù)啟動。    按汽輪機沖轉(zhuǎn)時的蒸汽參數(shù)狀態(tài)來區(qū)分。

The start-up mode of boiler unit can be divided into rated parameter start-up and sliding parameter start-up. It is distinguished according to the steam parameter state of steam turbine during impulse starting.

燃煤蒸汽鍋爐首先啟動，    額定參數(shù)啟動時。當(dāng)蒸汽參數(shù)升至額定值時，再沖轉(zhuǎn)汽輪機，汽輪機從沖轉(zhuǎn)至帶額定負(fù)荷期間，主蒸汽閥門前的蒸汽參數(shù)始終堅持為額定值。這種啟動方式的運行靈活性和經(jīng)濟性均較差，僅在母管制的小型機組上應(yīng)用，單元制運行的大型機組已不再采用這種啟動方式。

When the coal-fired steam boiler is started first, when the rated parameters are started. When the steam parameters rise to the rated value, the steam parameters in front of the main steam valve are always maintained at the rated value during the period when the steam parameters change from impulse to rated load. The operation flexibility and economy of this start-up mode are poor. It is only applied to the small-sized units of the main control system, but it is no longer used in the large-scale units operated by the unit system.

又稱為聯(lián)合啟動。鍋爐點火，    單元制機組通常采用滑參數(shù)啟動。蒸汽升壓、升溫的過程中，利用低溫、低壓蒸汽進(jìn)行蒸汽管道的暖管，當(dāng)達(dá)到一定參數(shù)后汽輪機進(jìn)行沖轉(zhuǎn)及并網(wǎng)，并隨著汽溫、汽壓的升高逐漸提高汽輪機的負(fù)荷。整個啟動的過程中，主蒸汽閥門前的蒸汽參數(shù)隨機組負(fù)荷的升高而升高。

Also known as joint start-up. When the boiler is ignited, the unit unit is usually started with sliding parameters. In the process of steam pressure rise and temperature rise, low-temperature and low-pressure steam is used to warm up the steam pipe. When certain parameters are reached, the steam turbine will be run and connected to the grid. With the increase of steam temperature and pressure, the load of steam turbine will be gradually increased. During the whole start-up process, the steam parameters in front of the main steam valve increase with the increase of load.

蒸汽管道的暖管、汽輪機的啟動與鍋爐的升壓同時進(jìn)行，    滑參數(shù)啟動有以下的優(yōu)點：啟動過程中。從而使整臺機組的啟動時間縮短，增加了運行調(diào)度的靈活性；整臺機組的加熱過程是從較低的溫度和壓力開始的金屬受熱膨脹比較均勻并使受熱面得到良好的冷卻，由于開始進(jìn)入汽輪機的蒸汽壓力和溫度均較低，蒸汽的容積流量較大，容易充溢汽輪機，而且流速也較大，汽輪機的各部分均勻而迅速的升溫，不致于產(chǎn)生過大的熱應(yīng)力；啟動過程經(jīng)濟性提高，特別是設(shè)置旁路系統(tǒng)的機組，啟動過程中可回收工質(zhì)及利用工質(zhì)的熱量，工質(zhì)損失和燃料消耗減少，機組在啟動過程中即可以發(fā)電。

Steam pipe warming, steam turbine start-up and boiler pressure rise are carried out at the same time. As a result, the start-up time of the whole unit is shortened, and the flexibility of operation scheduling is increased. The heating process of the whole unit starts from the lower temperature and pressure, and the metal expands evenly and the heating surface is well cooled. Since the steam pressure and temperature entering the steam turbine are low, the volume flow of steam is large, and it is easy to overflow the steam turbine The unit with bypass system can recover the heat of working medium and make use of it, reduce the loss of working medium and fuel consumption, and the unit can generate electricity during the start-up process.

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