電子束輻射生物學(xué)、人體細(xì)胞、組織、體液,如材料相互作用,引起物質(zhì)電離的原子或分子,所以一些大分子結(jié)構(gòu)可以直接傷害身體,如蛋白質(zhì)分子鏈斷裂,斷裂的RNA或DNA,摧毀一些對(duì)代謝酶有重要意義,等等,甚至可以直接損傷細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)。此外，射線可以電離體內(nèi)廣泛存在的水分子，形成一些自由基，通過(guò)這些自由基的間接作用來(lái)?yè)p害機(jī)體。
　　Electron beam radiation biology, human cells, tissues, body fluids, such as material interaction, causes ionization of atoms or molecules, so some macromolecular structures can directly damage the body, such as protein molecular chain breaks, broken RNA or DNA, destroy some of the important significance for metabolic enzymes, and so on, and even directly damage the cell structure. In addition, the radiation can ionize the water molecules widely existing in the body and form some free radicals, which can damage the body indirectly.
　　輻射損傷的發(fā)病機(jī)制與其他疾病相同。致病因素作用于機(jī)體后，不僅會(huì)引起分子水平和細(xì)胞水平的改變，還會(huì)產(chǎn)生一系列的次生作用，更終導(dǎo)致器官水平的障礙甚至整體水平的改變。臨床實(shí)踐中可能出現(xiàn)輻射損傷的體征和癥狀。
　　The pathogenesis of radiation injury is the same as other diseases. After the pathogenic factors act on the body, they will not only cause the change of molecular level and cell level, but also produce a series of secondary effects, which eventually lead to the disorder of organ level or even the change of overall level. Signs and symptoms of radiation injury may appear in clinical practice.
　　保護(hù)用鉛玻璃是一種非晶態(tài)透明保護(hù)材料，常含有大量的B20。不同密度的鉛玻璃(3.7-6.2g/cm’)可根據(jù)鉛含量制作。隨著含鉛玻璃密度的增加，可以更有效地屏蔽d和p輻射，并保護(hù)含鉛玻璃在(1-2)X1020中子/cm’輻照后不會(huì)發(fā)生-s9的回滑。此時(shí)，硅酸鹽玻璃和射流玻璃仍處于非晶態(tài)。
　　Lead glass for protection is an amorphous transparent protective material, which often contains a lot of B20. Different density lead glass (3.7-6.2g / cm ') can be made according to the lead content. With the increase of the density of leaded glass, it can shield D and P radiation more effectively, and protect the leaded glass from - S9 back slip after (1-2) x1020 neutron / cm 'irradiation. At this time, silicate glass and jet glass are still in amorphous state.
　　玻璃在熱處理過(guò)程中也會(huì)發(fā)生脫釉，但其性能與中子輻照不同。中子輻照時(shí)，防護(hù)用鉛玻璃的密度降低。輻照后(8-16)x101。中子/平方厘米，下降了1.5%。用2X10z—中子/CMZ輻照后，鉛玻璃的導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)降低38[60,6 x]。
　　In the process of heat treatment, the glass will also be unglazed, but its performance is different from that of neutron irradiation. Under neutron irradiation, the density of lead glass for protection decreased. After irradiation (8-16) X101. Neutrons per square centimeter, down 1.5%. After irradiation with 2x10z neutron / CMZ, the thermal conductivity of lead glass decreased by 38 [60,6 x].

　　當(dāng)d照射的吸收劑量達(dá)到1MGy時(shí)，水銀燈照射后輻照著色幾乎完全消失。重復(fù)照射1MGy后，光密度高于次照射后。·在吸收劑量為5X10aGy之前，防護(hù)用鉛玻璃的光密度變化與吸收劑量呈指數(shù)關(guān)系，然后呈線性關(guān)系。輻照后，鉛硼、鉛鋁硼和鉛鋁硅玻璃的吸收帶為825t.tm(1.5eV)，這可能與玻璃結(jié)構(gòu)中的pb2+和B原子有關(guān)。
　　When the absorbed dose of D irradiation reaches 1mgy, the irradiation colouring of mercury lamp almost disappears. After repeated irradiation of 1mgy, the optical density was higher than that after the first irradiation. ·Before the absorption dose of 5x10agy, the change of optical density of lead glass for protection has an exponential relationship with the absorption dose, and then a linear relationship. After irradiation, the absorption bands of Pb-B, pb-al-b and pb-al-si glasses are 825t.tm (1.5ev), which may be related to the Pb2 + and B atoms in the glass structure.
　　對(duì)人體細(xì)胞的損傷，于個(gè)體本身，會(huì)導(dǎo)致軀體效應(yīng)。生殖細(xì)胞的損傷會(huì)影響受照個(gè)體的后代，并產(chǎn)生遺傳效應(yīng)。當(dāng)單個(gè)或少量細(xì)胞受到輻射(主要是染色體畸變、基因突變等)的破壞時(shí)，就會(huì)發(fā)生隨機(jī)效應(yīng)。當(dāng)輻射損傷或破壞大量細(xì)胞時(shí)，就會(huì)發(fā)生非隨機(jī)效應(yīng)。在輻射損傷的發(fā)展過(guò)程中，身體的反應(yīng)起著更為重要的作用，首先取決于神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的作用，尤其是較高的神經(jīng)活動(dòng)，其次取決于體液的調(diào)節(jié)作用。因此，高等動(dòng)物的疾病不能歸因于簡(jiǎn)單或孤立的過(guò)程，這涉及到非常復(fù)雜的過(guò)程。
　　Damage to human cells, limited to the individual itself, can lead to somatic effects. The damage of germ cells will affect the offspring of the irradiated individuals and produce genetic effects. When a single or a small number of cells are damaged by radiation (mainly chromosome aberrations, gene mutations, etc.), random effects will occur. When radiation damages or destroys a large number of cells, non random effects will occur. In the development of radiation injury, the body's response plays a more important role. First, it depends on the role of the nervous system, especially the higher nerve activity, and second, it depends on the regulation of body fluids. Therefore, diseases of higher animals can not be attributed to simple or isolated processes, which involve very complex processes.